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Diversity with Collaboration Unlocks Innovation and Drives Business Growth

“Diversity is an intellect multiplier, especially when the diverse groups can collaborate well” – Mark Sareff

This year the International Women’s day was a different experience for me, no panels stating gender diversity facts most people are painfully aware of. Instead I had the proud privilege of being invited to do a fireside chat and explore new dimensions of diversity and its impact on innovation and business growth.

We are familiar with dimensions of diversity we are born with — gender, age, race etc. but less familiar with the dimensions we acquire in our lifetime — culture, life experiences, domains worked in, education background etc. These interesting dimensions set your thinking patterns, beliefs and problem-solving approaches.

Diversity is an intellect multiplier but, only when diverse groups can collaborate. We need a common language that helps diverse groups come together and collaborate. We need an inclusive environment that fosters diverse perspectives without judgment… here’s where design thinking comes in!

Design thinking in its application celebrates diversity, when done well allows you to go broad try many, diverse approaches before narrowing down to one solution. It can also change how people work together for the better, introducing a deeper level of collaboration, appreciation of diversity and creativity.

Sharing a few key tools to help you create an inclusive environment that fosters diverse perspectives and hence innovative solutions:

1.   Don’t brainstorm; think Independently, together While we are not against brainstorming, we believe brainstorming can lead to HiPPO decisions (Highest Paid Person’s Opinion) and can exclude out-of-the-box thinking because the facilitator or the group naturally judges all ideas being generated. Instead have everyone think independently and write down their ideas individually and review every single idea. Similar ideas get grouped together, no idea gets left behind or judged right away. Instead we build on existing ideas to make them more diverse and disruptive. It is a powerful process that celebrates diversity and creates an inclusive environment for disruptive ideas to form and persist.

2.   Narrow ideas using clear criteria – The 2×2 tool is a narrowing tool, allows you to choose ideas that the team will filter down to. The team identifies 2 key criteria to narrow ideas (ideally, customer benefits) that would make massive impact on the business. Ideas are then plotted against those dimensions relative to the benefits it brings to the organization versus making Caesar-like decisions. Again allowing diverse teams and ideas to collaborate well hence leading to innovation and business growth.

3.   Facilitating large group dialogues – The World Café is a structured tool intended to facilitate collaboration, initially in small groups and then linking ideas within a larger group to access the collaborative and collective wisdom in the group. Each person interprets the world differently, based on his/her perception. Sharing the viewpoints of others is essential for understanding alternatives and adapting strategies to deal with environments. Environments that recognize the contribution of all will foster a strong commitment to achieve common goals.

Diversity offers different experiences and novel perspectives, leading to better decision making and problem solving. It opens up new conversations pushing the boundaries on unrestrained thinking which enables breakthrough innovations.

At Pensaar, one of the things we celebrate is the differences we all bring to the table. Each of us comes with unique experiences having worked in varied industries and lived very different lives. It allows us to recognize each other’s strengths and learn from each other while also being sympathetic to each other’s weaknesses. Our different experiences and perspectives help us foster innovation to beat and not just meet the needs of our increasingly diverse customer base.

So much has already been written about this amazing topic, go here to read more:

·   To Make Diversity Work You Need Design Thinking

·   HBR’s How Diversity Can Drive Innovation

·   10 Companies Around the World That Are Embracing Diversity in a BIG Way

·   Why diversity matters

 

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What the U.S. can learn from India’s move toward a cashless society

Looking from Silicon Valley upon the progress that India has made in building a digital infrastructure, I am in awe.  The U.S. tech industry fancies itself as the global leader in innovation, yet India has leapt far ahead of it.  Silicon Valley’s tech investors hype complex technologies such as Bitcoin and blockchain.  But India, with simple and practical innovations and massive grunt work, has built a digital infrastructure that will soon process billions more transactions than these do.

India is about to skip two generations of financial technologies and build something as monumental as China’s Great Wall and America’s interstate highways.

Though few people in the West know of Aadhar, it has been the largest and most successful I.T. project in the world.  There was widespread skepticism that a billion people could be provided with a verifiable digital identity, yet it has occurred, in a short six years.  Hundreds of millions of people who were doomed to live in the shadows of the informal economy can now participate as equals in the global economy.  Thanks to Jan Dhan Yojana, they also have bank accounts; these already haveRs. 69000 crores in deposits.

The reason investors are pouring billions of dollars into technologies such as Bitcoin is that they provide a secure way of linking a person to and recording a transaction.  But Bitcoin requires massive, wasteful, computing resources to do what is called mining: transactions’ mathematical verification.  And this complex computing infrastructure needs constantly improvement as it hits transaction limits.

The simple design of India’s digital payments infrastructure, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), allows banks to transfer money directly to each other based on an Aadhar number or mobile-phone number plus pin.  Yes, this doesn’t have the anonymity of Bitcoin, but I would argue that anonymity is mainly for money laundering and tax evasion—which need to be eliminated.  There is almost no overhead in UPI, and transactions happen within seconds rather than the 10 minutes that Bitcoin takes.

In the U.S., we pay an indirect tax of 2–3% on consumer transactions because of the use of credit cards.  Companies such as Visa, Mastercard, and American Express don’t even manage the money or provide banking services; all they do is to act as an intermediary between banks.  The merchant has the responsibility of verifying the identity of a customer.  With UPI, India doesn’t need credit cards or middlemen, it can build the next generation of finance.

The instant and non-repudiable proof of identity that Aadhaar’s know your customer technology, e-KYC, provides, gives India a big advantage. Most people in the U.S. have drivers licenses and social security numbers. But these are not verifiable with biometrics or mobile numbers, so complex verification technologies need to be built into every financial system.  Indian entrepreneurs building applications don’t need to worry about all this.

Going beyond money, India Stack provides a digital locker through which to store and share personal data such as addresses, medical records, and employment records.  With this, the government is providing a public service that is the digital equivalent of roads and electricity.  I don’t know of any other country that has anything comparable; India will soon have the digital equivalent of super-highways.

There are all sorts of benefits.  For example, the opening of a mobile-phone account is a lengthy process everywhere, because telecom carriers must verify the user’s identity and credit history.  With India Stack, all it requires is a thumbprint or retina scan and permission to share digital documents.  The typical villager presently has no chance of getting a small-business loan, because he or she does not have a credit history or verifiable credentials.  With India Stack, he or she can share digital copies of bank statements and utility-bill payments, and life-insurance policies and loans can receive instantaneous approval.

Nandan Nilekeni is right when he says that these advances “represent the biggest advance globally in public digital infrastructure since the Internet and GPS”.  In an email to me, he predicted that they will “lead to a leapfrogging on many fronts, including a digital financial platform for a billion people which does not require cards, POS machines or ATMs but will be entirely driven by what is in your hand—your finger and your phone”.

Prime Minister Modi has taken a lot of fire for demonetization.  This is understandable, given the hardships and the disruption to the economy that it created.  But it was a bold move and one that will produce tremendous long-term benefit—because it will accelerate the push to digital currency.  India has the opportunity to enter an age of transparency and be at the forefront of digital technologies.

Nobel Prize–winning economist Joseph Stiglitz said in Davos that the U.S. should follow Modi’s lead in phasing out currency and moving toward a digital economy, because it would have “benefits that outweigh the cost”.  Speaking of the inequity and corruption that is becoming an issue in the U.S. and all over the world, he said “I believe very strongly that countries like the United States could and should move to a digital currency so that you would have the ability to trace this kind of corruption”.

Yes, India is ahead and America can learn from it.

Guest post by Prof. Vivek Wadhwa, Distinguished Fellow, Carnegie Mellon University Engineering at Silicon Valley. Former entrepreneur. Syndicated columnist for Washington Post.


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The six key pillars of software that enables Innovation-led growth

Ever wondered if a Software could help business chart the next growth curve?.

The marketplace is changing and the competition is catching up. Organisations need a new concept to break out to create the next growth curve and they depend on functions like Strategy, NPD ( New product development ), R&D Teams internally. Some of these organizations also use external consulting firms, crowdsource, outsource, merge, acquire and do many things more.

In order to bring in rigor and predictability, organisations need sound processes, but the paradox in Innovation-led growth, unlike other variants, is the need to have the right balance between creative freedom and execution discipline. Most organisations are designed for execution discipline while some are designed to be creative. But, today’s organisations need both in the right mix to win in the long run.

We need to manage Innovation-led growth like any other process and to institutionalize this, a structured approach which would balance creative freedom and execution discipline would be more effective.

Well, can a Software help with this?

If yes, what should be the pillars of such an Innovation-led growth Software?

Business would need 6 Es to Innovate.

Empower:
Organisation needs to draw the creativity and drive to make things happen.Often the best source for innovation is the team within the business. A great leader turns them into entrepreneurs who are hungrily looking for new opportunities. The key is empowerment. An Innovation-led growth software should empower teams to achieve their goals through their own ideas and efforts.

The leader sets the destination, but the team chooses the route to get there.

Enabler:
Enable employees to adopt an “entrepreneurial mindset” to showcase their ideas and ideals. Allowing them to propel innovation and show initiative is the key to a successful workplace revival and an opportunity to re-energize individual and organic organisational growth.
Innovation and workplace transformation represent two-sides of the same coin.
An Innovation-led growth software should help business in tossing the coin instead of taking sides.

Effective:
Effectiveness isn’t just a property of the idea but, more importantly, a property of the execution, and that’s where an Innovation-led growth software comes in. It should help business with it right from the word go & ensure effectiveness on all sides by having an innate ability to look at your problem from multiple viewpoints thereby ensuring a holistic overview.

Engage:
The most important part of any business idea is to maintain traction, and that requires engagement: the kind which can grab the right audience. An Innovation-led growth software should help business create a meaningful engagement with and within the audience, be it internal or external. Software should help organizations get perspectives from people who matter and thereby helping it to improve its offerings.

Evaluate:
Evaluating Innovation-led growth initiatives is something that very few organizations have understood. Most of them use the traditional criterion which works against the constructive collaboration that is required. Software should have a new set of evaluation tools that supports such a collaboration and help business in making the decision.

Efficiency:
Efficiency is the result of all the other Es coherently and cohesively coming together to function in a synchronous manner. Software should have proven techniques that shall improve the efficiency of generating new business concepts at a faster rate and continuously.

Edge:
There are few companies, which have few of the above 6 Es.Not any single company possess all 6 Es at the right proportion for the right yield. Experts who are proficient in the field of innovation vouch that iEnabler Software has these 6 pillars at right proportion for companies embarking their Growth journey. For your reference (www.ienabler.co)

Guest Post by Sridhar D.P, iEnabler

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Disruptive Blue Oceans and India to the world!

In this article, we brief on what the architect of disruptive innovation Clayton Christensen explained in his seminal work called disruptive theory. This contains the edited excerpts of ‘What is disruptive innovation’ article published in Harvard Business Review. We also considered the tools, frameworks and concepts from Blue Ocean Strategy developed by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, as we feel that the Indian companies adopt the essence of both the Disruptive Innovation and Blue Ocean Strategy ideas.

Clayton clarifies Disruption is a process where by a smaller company with fewer resources is able to successfully challenge established incumbent businesses. Specifically, as incumbents focus on improving their product and services for the most demanding customers, new entrants prove disruptive by successfully targeting those overlooked segments and by delivering more suitable functionality frequently at lower price. And any product or service to be considered as disruptive innovation must actually fit into the two important criteria below.

  1. Low-end footholds
  2. New market footholds

Low-end footholds

Value-InnovationLow-end footholds exist; when an established or large organization focuses only on the prime customers or most profitable customers and overlook their needs and fail to fulfil the needs of the least profitable or low-end customers. New entrants seize the white space by servicing to these low-end segments with ‘good enough’ product. The performances of the new entrants are ever improving when compared to those established incumbents. However, the quality of their offerings increases over the period of time. New entrants create unprecedented value to the customers by adopting Value Innovation. Value Innovation is created in the region where a company’s actions favourably affect both its cost structure and its value proposition to buyers.

 

Cost savings are made by eliminating and reducing the factors industry competes on and buyer value is lifted by raising and creating the elements industry has never offered. Kim and Mauborgne call it ‘4 Action Framework’ in their book titled ‘Blue Ocean Strategy, 2005.’

3nethra capturing Low-end segments through Value Innovation in India.

3nethra, eye pre-screening device, a product of Forus Healthcare, has made a significant impact in the eye care industry, in private clinics as well as in large eye hospitals. A significant contribution of 3nethra to eye care is the fast screening made possible by this device. Quick, yet accurate, screening translates into shorter waiting periods for patients. In a domino effect, quick screening also means that the eye doctor can devote more time to patients that need immediate attention. The simplicity of usage of 3nethra results in minimal training to operate the device. While, most eye pre screening devices cost between Rs 18 and 20 lakh, 3nethra costs just about Rs 5 lakh. 3nethra is also being used in community healthcare services and CSR initiatives. Forus, has conducted over 100 eye check-up camps all over India and screened over 2,50,000 people so far. Additionally, 3nethra can be installed in kiosks in places with high footfalls like airports, railway stations and even malls, where one can walk in and get fast, affordable and accurate screening for common eye diseases for their entire family.

new value curve

New market footholds

In new-market footholds, disruptors get into the uncontested market place and make the competition irrelevant. They find ways to convert non-customers to customer. In Blue Ocean Strategy, Kim and Mauborgne delineate as ‘the three tiers of non customers’ who can be transformed into customers.

First Tier: ‘Soon to be’ noncustomers who are on the edge of your market. They minimally use current market offerings to get by as they search for something better. Upon finding better alternative they will jump ship.

Second Tier: ‘Refusing’ noncustomers who consciously choose against your market because they find the offerings unacceptable or beyond their means.

Third Tier: ‘Unexplored’ noncustomers who are in markets distant from yours. They are the ones who have not been targeted or thought as potential customers by any existing incumbents.

Harboring these noncustomers is an ocean of untapped demand waiting to be released.

Paytm transforming noncustomers to customers

marketDigital wallet and mobile commerce marketplace Paytm is creating huge market by enabling more than 80,000 merchants to do the transactions on its platform. Paytm is an Indian e-commerce shopping website launched in 2010, owned by One97 Communications which initially focused on Mobile and DTH Recharging. The company is headquartered in Noida, India. It gradually provided recharging and bill payment of various portals including electricity bills, gas bills, as well as telephone bills. Paytm entered India’s e-commerce market in 2014, providing facilities and products similar to businesses such as Flipkart, Amazon.com, Snapdeal. In 2015, it added booking bus travel. In July 2015, it included industrial supplies such as power tools, safety and security equipment, test & measurement apparatuses, machines, lab supplies, abrasives etc on its platform. Paytm states that the initiative will help SMEs get in touch with different suppliers for different needs. Currently, it claims to have crossed over 100 million users in the country in a very short span. It also declares that more than 75 million transactions are made through their platform. In 2014, the company launched Paytm Wallet, India’s largest mobile payment service platform with over 40 million wallets. The service became the preferred mode of payment across leading consumer internet companies such as Uber, BookMyShow, MakeMyTrip and many more.

Bibliography

  1. What is disruptive innovation by Clayton Christensen, http://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation
  2. Book titled Blue Ocean Strategy, 2005, by W Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne
  3. Forushealth.com, http://forushealth.com/forus/Implementation.html

Paytm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paytm

This writeup is complied and created by R Ragavendra Prasath; volunteer for iSPIRT.

Disclaimer

Disruptive Innovation and Blue Ocean strategy are two distinctive thinking by itself and broad as it is deep. Adopted these thinking together for learning and understanding purposes only.

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How “born globals” dance with gorillas to punch above their weight

For over a decade now I have been studying “born globals” i.e. new ventures that internationalize rapidly, and in particular how these firms leverage relationships with large multinationals to facilitate this process. My studies on this topic span China, India, UK and USA.

I recently published a book targeted at other academics, based on this research, titled Born Globals, Networks and the Large Multinational Enterprise, which was released during the Academy of International Business conference in Bangalore.


The insights for entrepreneurs from this research include the following:

Be proactive in recognizing the opportunity to harness globalization. More than at any point in history, multinationals are genuinely interested to engage with start-ups. It wasn’t always like this. When I started my research in 2002 I could barely find any multinational with a structured partnering program targeted at young companies at home or abroad. This changed over the next few years as multinationals recognized that they could not be self-sufficient in generating novel ideas, and that start-ups were great at doing this. Today many multinationals offer a range of start-up engagement mechanisms from mass partner programs to selective incubators.

Be discerning in order to leverage the right opportunity. Just because an opportunity exists does not mean that it is guaranteed to work out. Entrepreneurs have to be discerning in how they engage with multinationals. In one sense, discernment in this context entails figuring out which partner is most appropriate to its strategic intent. Another facet is ensuring that its interests are protected, which may call for clever cooptation of local allies (e.g. mentors from respected incubators or VC firms). Yet another aspect of this is learning as much about the partner as possible to have a realistic understanding of what is and isn’t likely to be feasible.

Be reflective to learn from, and become better at dancing with, gorillas. Gorillas i.e. large multinationals can be an effective source of new business opportunities and revenues – but typically there are limits to how helpful they can be in this way. In the long term, new ventures will accrue important benefits if they adopt a learning mindset and seek to learn new capabilities through observation of, and joint activity with, large multinationals. Also, partnering with multinationals is a skill, and ventures can become better at this over time – if they consciously make the effort to reflect on their partnering experiences and talk to mentors periodically.

Thus partnering with multinationals involves considerable skill and effort – but the payoff can be considerable for new ventures if they can pull it off. Such start-ups harness globalization to punch above their weight. It’s a worthy goal for ventures with high aspirations in terms of innovation and internationalization

“Dancing with gorillas” – what is it?

Dancing with gorillas refers to start-ups partnering with large companies, in particular multinational corporations. I have been studying how these very different types of companies engage with each other in both the West (especially the US and UK) and East (especially China and India) for about a decade now. At the early stages of my research, I once asked the late Professor C K Prahalad what he thought about the scope for start-ups to engage with large multinationals, and his immediate response was: “Many of these small companies have no choice but to learn to dance with big gorillas”. I immediately latched on to that phrase!

Source: An interview with Dr Shameen Prashantham available here

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India Innovation Session with Jeff Immelt, CEO, GE

GE

Every sector has a long period of evolutionary change that is only occasionally interrupted by a short (5-10 year) period of intense non-linear change. Global corporates like GE are able to position themselves to successfully embrace the evolutionary change. However, to leverage the period of non-linear change, a new kind of partnering model is needed.

Keeping in mind this theme, iSPIRT, India’s software product think tank, spent an hour with Jeff Immelt, CEO of General Electric, and his team, to discuss the implications of such non-linear change to GE and the larger global ecosystem. To drive home the point, six inspiring startups showcased their respective cutting-edge innovations that are helping drive change in their individual sectors. Their stories are captured, in brief, below.

Team IndusTeamIndus

Infrastructure for NextGen Apps

Team Indus, a highly qualified group of ex-ISRO scientists and systems engineers, spoke to GE of two moonshots they are attempting. Literally. The first is landing a privately funded spacecraft on the moon by 2017. As part of this mission, they India’s only entry, and top 3 of 16 global teams, in the Google Lunar XPrize Competition.

The second is a derivative of the first, where they aim to put up a high-altitude long-endurance platform to deliver payload to stratospheric orbits. In laymen’s terms, they are enabling wide-area connectivity for terrestrial applications, essentially disrupting satellites as they’ve been known and used. And at the current pace of progress, they are on track to be the leader in Asia by 2021.

Nimble WirelessNimble

Cold Chain Monitoring

Nimble Wireless’ pioneering IoT solution is built on top of the future of pervasive connectivity that TeamIndus is working towards. Their platform helps enterprises connect, control and manage their business critical assets to enable greater efficiencies and savings. A great use case is in helping leading food/cold chain companies ensure food safety and reduce wastage, especially important in a country that has 33% malnourished children but wastes nearly a third of its dairy products. Here, Nimble deploys real time temperature monitoring and alert management systems to help ensure food safety, eliminate wastages and attain visible RoI for food and logistics companies.

SavariSavari

V2X: Connecting Vehicles to Everything

Moving beyond the world of cold chain to the world of automobiles is Savari’s technology that connects vehicles to everything – each other, smartphones and road infrastructure. There is a battle ensuing between Silicon Valley’s revolutionary approach in favor of self-driving cars and the auto industry’s evolutionary approach in favor of connected cars. Savari’s patented middleware software is enabling the auto industry to realize the gradual, incremental change they believe is the way forward in connecting vehicles. Their technology is pushing forward safety, fuel savings and automation and ensuring auto companies don’t become ‘the Foxconn of Apple’.

Julia ComputingJulia

An Open Platform for Brilliant Machines

The consistent theme emerging is that machines are all going to be connected in not too distant a future. All well and good, but there’s a small problem. Today the programming language for machines (iron) is different from that of the cloud (silicon), where software and analytics reside. That means large time and cost investments are needed in translating algorithms between the languages to connect the machines.

Which is where Julia, an open-source language being built out of MIT, fits in. Their solution, a language with a strong mathematical foundation, serves as a common language for machines and the cloud, so the same engineers can write analytics that run on sensors and scale to the cloud. The language has visible use cases across machines (air collision avoidance algorithms, 3D printing) and cloud applications (predictive analytics, pricing algorithms), enabling immense savings in time and complexity. The industrial world until now only had proprietary platforms to choose from but now Julia provides an alternative that is open and neutral, where firms can retain strategic control of their products.

LogistimoLogistimo

Open-source supply chain

Continuing with the theme of improved efficiency is Logistimo, an open-source supply chain software enabling manufacturers, distributors and after-sales partners to better reach and serve frontier markets.  There are unique challenges of implementing such systems in low-resource settings of rural India, where nearly 70% of Indians live. But Logistimo’s nuanced methodologies to manage this low-resource context is what has helped reduce infant mortality, electrify villages, and improve the overall quality of life for citizens of the hinterland.

India StackiSPIRT

Impact on Service Delivery

Tying this all together was the final session about a pioneering initiative, the first of its kind globally, being spearheaded in India towards a cashless, paperless and presence-less service delivery. The India Stack ties together the Identity Layer (Adhaar), a Paperless Layer (eSign, eKYC), a frictionless Payments Layer, a Transaction Layer (GSTn) and finally a privacy/data-sharing Consent Layer to revolutionize the Indian landscape in not too distant a future.

 

Lots going on, lots more to come. And this is just the beginning of the excitement for India and the non-linear change that the startup ecosystem is enabling.

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InMobi’s Miip May Be More Important to India than Pichai

The emergence of an IP and technology-based leader from India will have a bigger long-term impact than a few Indians heading major global corporations

Isn’t it strange that we were obsessed with happenings at Google while the really momentous news of the coming of age of a serious desi challenger got lost in the noise?

Sundar Pichai and Google

News of Sundar Pichai’s ascension to the Google throne hogged media headlines for almost a week.

While I could understand the excitement instigated by the front page of Dainik Bhaskar in a young tier-2 and tier-3 city audience for whom a compensation of Rs 300+ crore would seem out of this world (however misleading that figure is since Pichai’s actual compensation in his new role is not known, and conversion from dollars to rupees doesn’t make sense anyway), the hoopla in the metro-based English language press was surely misplaced.

After all, what’s surprising? Indians including Ajay Banga (MasterCard), Victor Menezes (Citibank), Indra Nooyi (PepsiCo) and Anshu Jain (Deutsche Bank) have been CEOs of global corporations. And it’s now more than 20 years since Rajat Gupta became the CEO of the world’s bluest blue management consulting firm—McKinsey!

Indians are smart, ambitious and can communicate well. Once they have studied at a top US university and worked there for a while, they fit well into American corporate life, capable of discussing football and technology, and being politically correct. Most importantly, they can be quite conformist and refrain from rocking the boat. Clearly a good choice if you are a culturally diverse company like Google.

And, mind you, this may not really be the throne anyway as Larry Page and Sergey Brin are just one degree of separation away.

I have nothing against Pichai who appears to be a perfectly competent technical manager with the right credentials. But for me there were more interesting and promising events happening recently that didn’t get the attention they deserve.

What We Should Have Focused On…

For years now, we have bemoaned the absence of a Google-like company from India. Yes, we have had successful tech enterprises from India but these have been in the difficult-to-relate-to business-to-business (B2B) IT services space. The real big news of the last few weeks is that we now see some green shoots pointing to the emergence of an IP and technology-based leader from India.

On August 5, in a virtuoso performance that had a clear Steve Jobs touch to it, the CEO of InMobi, Naveen Tewari, introduced his company’s new advertising platform, Miip, to a gathering of who’s who in the technology world at Bangalore.

For the technological cognoscenti, InMobi is not a new company. It calls itself the “world’s largest independent mobile advertising platform”. Funded by Softbank, Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers and Sherpalo to the tune of $220 million, InMobi reportedly served 2.2 trillion advertisement requests in 2014. Its revenues are not in the public domain though some reports suggest that they could be as high as $500 million.

So, What Is Miip and Why Is It Significant?

Firstly, mobile advertising is huge and growing rapidly. With the shift of the internet to the mobile, most dramatically underlined by some Indian e-commerce giants’ decision to be “mobile-only”, the clear trend is for advertising on mobile.

Secondly, the whole promise of internet-based advertising (and now mobile-based advertising) is better targeting and customization. But this promise has to a large extent been belied. I am repeatedly amused by the fact that after I have purchased a ticket from, say, Indore to Delhi, I see online advertisements offering me low-priced Indore-Delhi tickets. These are completely wasted on me.

And, as InMobi keeps reminding us, many users see advertising as a distraction and an intrusion rather than something they find useful or enjoy.

Most extant internet or mobile-based advertising is intent-driven. You search for something you want to buy by entering it in a dialog box, and the search engine helps you by displaying related advertisements in addition to the search results. Once you have done such a search, related advertisements keep popping up even though the purchase may have been completed or you no longer have the requirement.

Such advertising makes limited use of analytics and doesn’t prompt you to check on other things you may be interested in. The range of products or services offered is also very narrow even though we know that there are hundreds if not thousands of companies that may be offering other products or services that may be of interest.

InMobi’s Miip is a mobile-based discovery platform that not only uses advanced analytics to overcome this problem, but also features a cute mascot that enters into a dialogue with the user to make suggestions and elicit user feedback. Along the way, the user can consult her friends before making a purchase choice using social media. All of this is done with high-quality visual content that exploits the superior graphics of today’s smartphone screens. Together, these enable an enjoyable and comprehensive shopping experience.

What’s significant in this case is that the company is already a strong player in the mobile advertising space, having entered at the right time about seven years ago. This gives it the muscle and the connections to capitalize on a big bet like Miip .

I particularly liked the launch of Miip in San Francisco, Bangalore and Beijing in quick succession, as these could very well represent loci of technological advancement and economic growth for the next decade. Unlike the earlier generation of Indian companies that shunned collaboration, it was good to see InMobi sharing space with important partners like Paytm and Walmart at the launch event itself.

I have only one regret about InMobi: I wish it wasn’t into push-based advertising that will promote even more consumerism.

India as a Product Nation

India’s success in services came from our ability to write high-quality software at low cost, without the need to make large irreversible upfront investments in technology or products. Companies like InMobi represent a new frontier where we are taking large bets and investing in platforms and new technologies.

This article is not only about InMobi, but about this new generation of companies that’s changing the way we do business. If sustained, this trend could help India become a Product Nation. In the long run, that would have much more impact than a few Indians heading major global corporations.

Reblogged from FoundingFuel

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Making the Future

What we see in theMaker addiction, is that a relatively small amount of people can have a big impact. You don’t necessarily need the world’s largest company behind you. – Dale Dougherty- Founder, Make Magazine

4 years ago, I walked out of the elevator onto the 4th floor of NYU’s TISCH building, home to the Interactive Telecommunications program that brought together some of the most diverse bunch of brilliant misfits from around the world to learn, teach, collaborate and make. The arriving Masters candidates, were an eclectic bunch, which included engineers, designers, lawyers, journalists, artists, architects, a masseur, filmmakers, dancers, fashion buyer, and a former drag queen. I was an actress and TV host, who didn’t know a soldering iron from a glue gun, and who, like many in my incoming class, had never written a line of code in her life. Yet, only a month later, I would strip down an old computer for spare parts to make my own galvanic skin resistor from scratch, and program video outputs to visualize the incoming data. My first wearable prototype –the mood gauge, had involved experimenting with different materials, soldering, electronics, programming, designing, user experience and video, all of which I’d known nothing of when I stepped off the elevator that first day of school. When my first device ‘talked’, I was hooked. The Maker addiction had begun.

The maker era, enabled by the Internet, DIY 3D printing, low cost chips/boards, open-source prototyping platforms like the Arduino, shifting business models and payment options have erased barriers to creation and expression and leveled the playing field. Today, if you want to express an idea, you can choose whether you want to employ sensors or film, an android app, performance or interactive sculpture. The Maker movement is sometimes perceived to be synonymous with geek culture, robotics and gadgets. And there is truth to this. Engineers, with their deep knowledge and a love of taking things apart are no doubt the movement’s most ardent mascots. However, making is more than just about the technology. It is about a cross pollination of ideas, the merging of the boundaries between disciplines and philosophies. At it’s core, the maker ideology is about moving from being a mere consumer to participating, influencing and changing the world you interact with- be it objects, people or experiences. It is also about pushing boundaries and experimenting for the sheer fun of it. And to achieve this, we need a variety of backgrounds and perspectives all playing with each other. Making/tinkering encompasses a dazzling variety of creations- including DIY quadcopters controlled by brainwaves, cloned fig trees, bamboo bicycles, environment-reactive clothing, 3D bio-printed organs. It touches every area of our lives and encompasses many different fields- arts and crafts, engineering, urban planning, architecture, theatre, film, storytelling, psychology, education, gastronomy, relationships, health & medicine.

“Technology is a means to an end; the end is people” – Red Burns, Founder, ITP, NYU

The industrial revolution concentrated the means and power of production in the hands of a few. Even the entertainment and news industry was a one-way street, with a clear delineation between producers and consumers. There was no way of “talking back” or dissenting on a scale that had any sort of impact. The internet and the subsequent democratization of tools and access changed that. Today, a lone individual with a You Tube channel can command more viewers than a major news channel. As an example, PewDiePie’s, a Swedish gamer’s You Tube channel has 32 million subscribers and more than 2 billion views. All he needed for that was a video camera and a subject he was passionate about. The rise of cheap 3D printers means many more people can create physical objects designed by them quickly and cheaply. The most exciting aspect about the maker culture is that it endows the maker with personal power. Where once, we grumbled about the lack of government initiative in solving certain problems, today, we have the means of creating our own solutions.

This is where makerspaces and Maker Faire comes in. Around the world, maker culture has emerged, founded on the ideas of collaboration and learning to learn. Innovation is a happy byproduct of this culture. From the Bay Area to Bogota, Istanbul to Nairobi, maker cultures are blossoming, driven by a spirit of collaboration and learning to learn. In India, Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Kolkata have their own makerspaces, driven by a global sensibility, but also grounded in locally relevant approaches. One of these spaces, Bangalore’s Workbench Projects, operating out of an inspiring space in the Halasuru metro station, has been at the forefront of some exciting maker initiatives, one of which is the Bengaluru Mini Maker Faire, which it is hosting in collaboration with Nasscom.

Maker Faire describes itself as “the greatest show and tell on earth”. People from all walks of life come to show what they’ve made and to learn from each other. The open, playful nature of these events are deeply conducive to cross-collaborative projects and innovation.

“The Walls between art and engineering exist only in our minds” – Theo Jansen, Dutch artist, creator of kinetic sculptures.

“Maker Faire is primarily designed to be forward-looking, showcasing makers who are exploring new forms and new technologies. But it’s not just for the novel in technical fields; Maker Faire features innovation and experimentation across the spectrum of science, engineering, art, performance and craft” – Maker Faire website

The First Maker Faire was held in 2006 at San Mateo and attracted 20,000 people. Today, Maker Faires are held all over the world, with 151 events taking place in 2015 alone. Aware of the global shifts towards a maker driven economy, and eager to maintain their innovative edge, bigger corporations are now increasingly part of the Maker Faires. Companies like General Electric, Autodesk sponsor and, as in the case of Motorola, even collaborate with hardware startups like Makerbot.

The Bangalore Mini Maker Faire aims to be a community based learning event celebrating the Indian maker culture, with it’s unique perspectives, aesthetics and challenges. Be it robotics, games, gastronomical innovation, sustainability, textiles, apps or video, the Mini Maker Faire is a chance to climb aboard the Indian maker bandwagon and be a part of a global movement, one that Kevin Kelley has dubbed the “Third Industrial Revolution”.

If previous industrial movements were about creating silos and competition, the maker movement emphasizes and engenders collaboration. A fashion designer collaborates with an engineer to create a responsive dress, a homemaker and a 12 year old biology enthusiast work on bio-fabrication projects, the local police team up with security specialists, designers and android developers to create apps and devices for a safer city. The possibilities are endless.

If you’re a maker or think you might like to try your hand at being one, apply to participate before the 15th of September by sending an email to info(at)workbenchpojects.com

If you would like to support the maker community as a volunteer, sponsor (be it individual/ organization) feel free to email to info(at)workbenchprojects.com.

The Bengaluru Mini Maker Faire will take place on the 15th of October 2015 at the Taj Vivanta, Yeshwantpur.

Guest Post by Suvarchala Narayanan

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Getting The Funding Piece Right

Creative inventors with creative ideas need creative capital

“As a first-gen entrepreneur and professional by training, I have become contemptuous of the local investor community—it uses a cookie cutter approach with very limited imagination. They would rather blow their cash on an app (without proof of concept) than on a good service model that has growth potential. We pretend in India to be like the Silicon Valley guys, but we don’t really have the b****s!”

This was the explosive start to a mail I received recently from an obviously frustrated entrepreneur. The irony is apparent. As Govind (not his real name) struggles to raise a few crores to scale up his business, thousands of crores have been pouring into e-commerce and asset-light technology-driven businesses patterned on an Uber or an Airbnb. While it is possible that some of these new models will become big in India, the fact is that many of the individual companies funded will crash as each model is likely to witness only two or three big winners.

Govind is not alone. Other types of new ventures are facing similar problems. A recent article in Mint points out that dozens of innovation-driven tech start-ups are struggling to raise money to take their businesses to the next level.

The Funding Challenge

Over the years, at the aggregate level, there has been a substantial increase in the funds available to Indian businesses from private equity and venture capital. Today, large international funds have an Indian presence. Though there are frequent murmurs about the vagaries of the Indian taxation system, billions of dollars of venture capital/private equity investment have been pouring into India.

But I wonder whether these are the only type of investors we should be seeking. The classical venture capital model is predicated on seven-eight of every 10 investments tanking, one-two having some moderate success, but huge returns on one in 10 investments that make up for the poor returns on the others. Recent reports speak about blurring of lines between private equity (which typically comes in at a later stage) and venture capital as everyone wants to be at the party.

Govind ended his mail with:

“I think investors must look at roping in domain experts (beyond their own borders) so that they develop in-depth understanding of these sectors. I think the challenge in India is that the people facilitating investments are not themselves entrepreneurs (or led by entrepreneurs) in many instances—so they are risk averse (a bean counter mindset) and exhibit a herd mentality (apps are the new sunshine).”

How do we catalyze such investments by domain experts? Here the role of seed capital for new funds comes in. Israel’s famous Yozma model which brought into that country highly accomplished tech investors with substantial operating experience has been around as a role model for a couple of decades. It’s good to see that we have finally realized the value of Yozma.

In its quest for growth and employment, the current government has actively embraced a pro-start-up stance. One of its initiatives is the recently announced India Aspiration Fund (IAF) built on the Yozma concept. IAF is conceptualized as a “fund of funds” and will invest in venture capital firms, not directly in enterprises. I am hoping that the government will ensure that its 2,000 crores is well-distributed across investments in different sectors and business models.

But even the IAF will not be able to meet the needs of all types of firms. I often come across business ideas that have moderate risks with moderate returns that don’t fit the profile a typical venture capitalist is looking for. Unfortunately, these firms lack the assets that could be offered as collateral security. Our already risk-averse banks are now focused on addressing a huge problem of non-performing assets (NPAs), so it’s unlikely that they would be very enthused to fund such businesses anytime soon.

From Creative Confidence to Investment Confidence

Much has been written and debated about the recent criticism by Infosys founder NR Narayana Murthy that India has not been the source of major inventions in the decades since independence. While there has been a tendency to blame our scientists and engineers or the government, I would lay some of the blame on our financial system as well. Creative inventors with creative ideas need creative capital!

Herd behaviour or what organization theorists would call isomorphism is not uncommon as a risk mitigation strategy. But, as a student of strategy, I would back distinctiveness any day. Doing whatever everyone else is doing can’t create a distinctive competitive advantage and that is true for investment firms as well.

In our work on building innovation capabilities, we emphasize the importance of building creative confidence. This is not a term we coined, in fact it comes from the Kelley brothers of the iconic design firm, Ideo. Creative confidence has a special resonance in India where over a couple of hundred years we lost our faith in our own creative abilities. But successful innovation requires not only the creative confidence of the inventor but the confidence of the investor to back new ideas.

What kind of an investor is likely to have that confidence? Probably one who has the experience of doing it himself. As Govind wrote in his mail, an investor with a primarily financial background is unlikely to have the confidence to back a radically new idea.

And, finally, some Bigger Questions

Sometimes, I wonder whether there is a fallacy in basic economic theory. For, Economics tells us that in an efficient market, investments will go into the most productive applications. But, is driving consumerism or bringing more taxis onto India’s already jam-packed roads the best use of money?

In the adoption of technology or new business models, India tends to imitate the West with a lag. But, given that our needs are so different, does that really make sense?

Not so long ago, there was a lot of interest in innovation at the bottom of the pyramid, and so-called frugal innovation. These were seen as critical to solving the myriad social problems that India faces. But now these have been displaced, at least from media glare, by the stratospheric valuations of online food or grocery stores. It would be a mistake to lose sight of the importance of these innovations and we need to find ways of continuing to support and nurture enterprises built around them.

In many cases, these enterprises are social enterprises with positive societal externalities. The National Innovation Council under the previous government had a plan to create an India Inclusive Innovation Fund to support such enterprises. I hope this idea is not lost in the noise and excitement that we are seeing today.

Reblogged from FoundingFuel

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India Inc’s Innovators Are Setting The Stage For The Ecosystem

Steve Jobs, the late co-founder of Apple Inc and one of the greatest innovator from the tech world, believed that innovation was the only way to win, and by no means did he just see innovation in making things more complex. An advocate of simplicity, he also reiterated, “Simple can be harder than complex; you have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple.” That’s why we, at GHV, believe “Innovation is not just doing something new. Sometimes it means pushing the existing more powerfully and elegantly.”

Innovation or doing things differently is something that has set the momentum of the “startup scene” in India. It is because of thinking differently, the “old wine in a new bottle” syndrome that has revamped and fuelled the success of top startups in the country today. Innovation is all about bringing something new and exciting to the customer. Given the cutthroat competition in the market today, innovative products and ideas are the key to differentiating yourself from others in the race.

Successful businesses often anticipate future trends and develop an idea, product or service that allows them to meet this future demand rapidly and effectively. It is not just about fulfilling the pain points of the consumers, but also being able to preempt the future needs of the consumers before they even feel them. In essence, predicting and fulfilling a future void and working on its solution in the present, staying ahead of the curve. Innovation can help you stay ahead of your competition as markets, technologies or trends shift, thereby giving you a definite edge.

This year, India has slipped 10 places in the Global Innovation Index to a disappointing 76th position. Imagine what we can accomplish as a nation if more people were to focus on innovation. We can easily transition to become a nation of job creators than job seekers.

Renowned global brands like 3M, GE, Lego, Nestlé, Pepsi and Starbucks are all from different industries, but have been constantly innovating their products. These companies have successfully created and supported an internal innovation capability that drives new products into the marketplace year after year with remarkable success. In fact, the very reason behind their success is that they made innovation a critical capability within their organisations. These companies recognised innovation as a key driver for success by enhancing the value that the business was delivering to customers.

With Indians like Nikesh Arora and Sundar Pichai, leading the heavy weight ‘innovating’ companies like SoftBank and Google, we are looking at a complete change in the way India and Indians are perceived globally; whether it is Indra Nooyi, Satya Nadella, Ajay Banga or Shantanu Narayen.

Innovation helps large companies survive challenges. According to Clayton Christensen, disruptive innovation is the key to future success in business. For companies to become market leaders and retain that position, they have no choice but to innovate and disrupt an existing technology or market by recognising opportunities.

For example, Patym had revolutionised mobile commerce in India. Earlier, people were wary of storing their debit or credit card information online. The company created a secure digital wallet where a user can put in a small amount without threat of online and credit card fraud. The payment solutions provider uses an RBI approved semi-closed wallet that is being used everywhere, right from Domino’s Pizza to Zivame to Uber. The company now has over 80 Mn mobile wallets and more than 15 million orders per month.

Innovation is that one thing that all successful businesses worldwide have in common. Innovation is a part of their culture… it’s in their DNA.

To foster a spirit of innovation in today’s youth, iSPIRT is hosting InnoFest, a daylong event focused on kick starting the next wave of innovation in the country. The event to be held at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore on 22ndAugust 2015, will offer young innovators a platform to present their ideas and interact with like-minded people from across the country. The daylong fest is meant to celebrate innovation and bring forward ideas that can become game changers for the nation.

Guest Post by Vikram Upadhyaya

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When it Comes to Startups, an 80% Fix is No Fix

In this polytheistic world of entrepreneurs, who is the Startup Initiative for?

There are many types of entrepreneurs. There is the self-employed vegetable-vendor type, the Thelawala. Then there is the small businessman in Okhla or Peenya who has grown to be in GST net. And how can one ignore the technology entrepreneur who graces the pages of ET every day . Even these tech startups come in many shapes and sizes. Some are after mainstream `Bharat’ consumers; others are building mass-luxury brands.Then there are fast followers in global markets or those who are rattling ferocious global players. And who can ignore startups that are filling white spaces in the safer domestic market and are aspiring to be national leaders.

What’s the one tool all successfulIn this polytheistic world of entrepreneurs, who is the Startup Initiative for? If it’s for all the various types of entrepreneurs, then it will quickly succumb to the 80% syndrome. Policy-makers will address things that are the common denominator for all types of entrepreneurs. While this is necessary , it’s not sufficient. As any product manager in the technology industry will tell you, this 80% fix is a recipe for failure.

To make a critical mass of changes, a persona-based policy making is needed. The biggest problem for Thelawala type entrepreneurs is absence of easy credit. For Peenya and Okhla business Peenya and Okhla businessmen, it is the inspector raj. For technology star raj. For technology startups it’s outdated regulations that thwart venture financing.

Each of these types of entrepreneurs is in pain today . Last year 54% of the funded technology startups redomiciled themselves outside India. This year, iSPIRT estimates, the exodus has accelerated and the number of companies redomiciling out of India will be 75% of all funded startups! There is crisis on another front too. India’s Global Innovation Index has been falling for four years in a row. We are no longer in the top 85 countries of the world! This innovation deficit has a bearing on sustainability of the entrepreneurship boom that we are witnessing right now. We are overly reliant on copy-paste entrepreneurship and this can only sustain if we keep MNCs out like China has done.

The most important decision for a policy-maker is focus on a specific type of entrepreneur. Only then the `how’ comes into focus and a cross-ministerial approach kicks in. Some of this is starting to happen. Later this week, there will be an important announcement by the Ministry of Finance about addressing venture-financing gaps in areas beyond e-commerce, neighbourhood commerce and consumer tech. There is a lot of work to be done to bring Startup India initiative to life. A nuanced henotheistic approach is needed (henotheism: involving devotion to a single god while accepting the existence of others). It can be done. Early signs give reason for cautious optimism.

 

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Lessons from the House of Tata on Technology and Innovation

There are increasing signs of breakthroughs that could provide disproportionate returns to Tata companies.

One question that I am asked frequently by companies that have launched innovation programmes is: “How do we sustain interest and commitment from employees across the company?” In other words, how do we keep up the momentum?

After attending the final presentations and awards ceremony of Tata Innovista 2015 recently, I realized the Tata group has found an answer.

This year, Tata Innovista, a “celebration of creation and innovation within the group”, had more than 2,700 teams participating from 65 companies across 18 countries. Thirty thousand people have participated in Innovista since it was started a decade ago. I don’t know where to look for comparative statistics, but it’s reasonable to assume that this is one of the largest corporate innovation events in the world.

Innovista is just one of the initiatives of the Tata Group Innovation Forum (TGIF), a group of CXOs across the Tata group that evangelizes innovation. Innoverse, another TGIF initiative, is a crowd-sourcing platform; 16 Tata companies are active participants; 685 problems were posted last year resulting in 45,000 ideas, 513,000 conversations and 2,400 ideas taken forward.

While the TGIF itself meets as per a calendar, it has a team working behind the scenes to keep up the momentum of these initiatives. This team is housed in group-wide Centres of Excellence like Tata Quality Management Services and Tata Management Training Centre.

Ratan Tata provided the initial impetus for all these initiatives. He set an example for the group through his close involvement with the development of the Nano, and other innovations like the Tata Swach and Ginger hotels. But his lasting influence may well be the creation of the TGIF under the leadership of Tata Sons Director R. Gopalakrishnan with the mandate of building an innovation culture in the group.

With Ratan Tata’s support in the background, Gopal has been the force behind TGIF. At this year’s Innovista, he was felicitated on the completion of 10 years of TGIF. In Gopal, we have the answer to the question I raised at the outset—a committed executive sponsor with an effective corporate support structure can make all the difference.

Gopal’s Takeaways

Gopal, who has passionately backed innovation activities over the last decade, had some interesting takeaways to share.

The first was to revel in stories, as these are the best ways to share the hope and meaning of human progress. I couldn’t agree more. This is why, inspired by the Heath brothers Chip and Dan, Vinay Dabholkar and I centred our book 8 Steps to Innovation: Going from Jugaad to Excellence (HarperCollins, 2013) around stories. Stories, and even myths at times, play a crucial role in overcoming the fear of failure, one of the biggest obstacles to innovation. One of the world’s most innovative companies, 3M, does this wonderfully well when it encourages storytelling about the hundreds of inventors within the company who went on to succeed at last in spite of failing many times on the way.

Revel in stories, as these are the best ways to share the hope and meaning of human progress.

The second was to focus on the innovation and not the innovator. Gopal gave the example of Tim Berners-Lee, considered one of the fathers of the World Wide Web (WWW), who has steadfastly refused to hog credit for the WWW, always insisting that many different people played a role. If Gopal was trying to point out that very few innovations are the outcome of a single person’s effort, it’s difficult to disagree with him. But, stories usually centre around individuals and not teams, so I wonder how to reconcile this insight with the first one.

Focus on the innovation and not the innovator

Gopal’s third point was that an idea is no innovation. In fact, according to Gopal, it is the struggle to nurture and deliver the idea that is innovation. This point again has strong resonance with what we have seen—the road to developing an idea, seeing whether it works, refining it, combining it with others, making the process as robust as possible and finally delivering value or benefit is at the heart of innovation. This is an important lesson for youngsters, in particular, who tend to find the creative process of ideation far more exciting than the rocky road to execution.

It is the struggle to nurture and deliver the idea that is innovation.

“Rely on the compass, not on the map” was Gopal’s final point. If you think about this carefully, you’ll see it’s quite profound. Innovation tends to be an evolutionary process, with many twists and turns. Traversing existing roads will result only in incremental change. Bigger impact will need trying out the road not taken, but you have to get the directionality right. This last point is particularly salient because, in the corporate context, an innovation that lacks alignment with corporate strategy is unlikely to reach fruition. This lesson seems to have been absorbed well in the Tata companies—I found a close fit between innovation and strategy in most of the innovations I saw.

Rely on the compass, not on the map

What’s Next?

Ever since open source software became successful, the social “bazaar” has emerged as an alternative to the corporate “cathedral” as far as innovation is concerned. Coupled with the explosion of information, and the wide dispersion of creative efforts across the globe, this has induced companies to open up their innovation processes. Some Tata companies have embraced this idea with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), for example, having pursued the concept of a Co-Innovation Network (COIN). Tata Innoverse that I mentioned earlier already provides one possible platform for collaboration between group companies.

But, the strength of a group like the Tatas lies in the diversity of competencies and markets that it encompasses. Foreigners who visit India are struck by this even if we take it for granted. Some past Tata innovations—most notably the Tata Swach water filter—have demonstrated the power of such collaboration.

A big challenge is how to encourage collaboration between independently managed companies with their own stakeholder groups. Tata Chairman Cyrus Mistry referred to the importance of such collaboration in his concluding remarks. But my own sense is that the key to unleashing the next wave of innovation in the Tata group may lie in fostering such collaboration not only with other group companies but with the wider world.

Tata companies are on the cusp of a major jump in innovation. Earlier, “invisible” innovations in processes resulting in efficiency improvements were the mainstay of innovation. But there are increasing signs of technological breakthroughs that could provide disproportionate returns to Tata companies. Two big acquisitions that Ratan Tata made—Corus (now Tata Steel Europe) and Jaguar Land Rover—already possess the capability for such technological innovation. If they can be harnessed as role  models and mentors, the Tatas may well be able to set benchmarks for technological innovation just as they did for employee welfare a hundred years ago.

This article was written for FoundingFuel.

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Leveraging an open IoT platform to accelerate innovation

Every decade or so, a technology shift occurs that has an impact far beyond its original design. These groundbreaking technologies can affect industries and applications that were never conceived of by their founders. The mobile phone is an example, which morphed into the smartphone and created a massive mobile development and application industry.

IoT represents such a sea change, not only in technology, but in how we work, play, and live. IoT isn’t just a tool for technologists or businesses – it has become a part of everyday life.

IoT is more than a single technology, or even a single philosophy. Today, there are thousands of potential uses, and it is being incorporated into products from manufacturers across all segments. Thousands of developers are creating connected products, introducing an entirely new category of technology, not just an application.

As such, the biggest hurdle to IoT innovation is not the hardware development. It is a relatively easy task to embed sensors and microprocessors into virtually anything. The challenge is to create a single application to control everything, with an architecture that provides whatever the developer needs, from the infrastructure to an open development platform that allows IoT connectivity across millions of devices.

An IoT platform ought to connect more than a single IoT device, or a group of devices from a single manufacturer. It should connect an entire ecosystem of devices. A home may have dozens of devices from multiple manufacturers, so a truly IoT-enabled smart home must be created with a multi-vendor perspective in mind. More importantly, IoT requires an open platform to host and manage devices.

The present state of IoT includes multiple standards, and connecting them is often problematic. To facilitate development in this environment and connect devices from multiple vendors, it is necessary to have a unified platform to support different protocols and standards and unify all data into a single interface.

Recently, iYogi launched the Digital Service Cloud Open IoT Platform, the first enterprise grade IoT platform from India. Built on Microsoft Azure, the platform is proven to scale to millions of devices. Innovators can use the platform to deploy, monitor and automatically manage their products across millions of end users, easily integrate their products with the growing IoT ecosystem, and use its advanced analytics capabilities to build and fast track their global growth strategies.

Digital Service Cloud overcomes the barriers to commercial success for IoT developers, and is especially aimed at IoT startups and innovators who have created innovative IoT solutions, but require a technology platform, a scalable infrastructure and a comprehensive application stack.

Digital Service Cloud is a platform-as-a-service with an open platform, free to use, that developers can tap into. It includes an infrastructure-as-a-service component and an open development platform for IoT applications. The infrastructure is highly scalable, and can be used by developers to connect their devices, monitor, and manage them.

Once a pre-programmed ‘chip’ is embedded into a product and an API installed, users can stream real-time data to monitor usability, performance and consumer behavior of data events in various formats. A dashboard allows companies to view events by device and also upload “offline” third party data to map this against device data for deeper insights and intelligence. Users can configure a rule engine to define operational and business processes from simple to complex rules.

Each time an event is received, an automatic trigger is actioned, initiating a response from designated respondents, and this may include: the manufacturer, a sales vendor or even a customer service representative.

The Digital Service Cloud IoT platform enables complex business information and reports to be created, correlating data received from diverse events – across the entire customer based using an offline product and device that was uploaded. The platform makes sense of big and small data with visualization capabilities and tools to derive predictive and trend analysis.

Thus, Digital Service Platform is the back end that enables developers to launch viable commercial IoT businesses and is essential to drive innovation.

Guest Post by Inder Mohan Singh, VP at iYogi.

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The Future of India

Trends in the US could portend the challenges India will face.

independence-day-67aLike many people, I dislike long flights, particularly since my body does not deal well with jet lag. I therefore try to avoid visiting the United States more than once a year. But every time I visit that country, I remind myself how important it is to keep in touch with what is still the powerhouse of the global economy, for that enables a better understanding of India’s challenges in the years ahead.

This time, my visit spanned the whole country – a few hours in transit on the east coast, a day in the mid-west, two days each in Texas and California. My reflections suffer from one bias though: my visits were primarily to universities. Yet, speaking to academics helps understand some of the broad trends, even if these institutions tend to be more liberal than the rest of the country.

The Decline of the Middle Class

A distinctive feature of the United States in the 20th century was the emergence of a large middle class. But an equally striking feature of the early years of the 21st century has been the decline in living standards of this same middle class.

In his book Fault Line: How Hidden Fractures still threaten the World Economy, Raghuram Rajan spoke of the challenge of re-tooling the American blue collar worker for the new workplace. But, this is not a problem of factory workers alone.

While in the US, I realized that at least four of my 51- or 52-year-old IIT classmates don’t have full-time jobs anymore. Their opportunities have declined as the number of middle-to-senior managerial positions has shrunk. Further, many organizations prefer younger employees.

By the way, in case you thought that this trend is restricted to the US, think again – we see a similar nascent trend in Bengaluru, particularly in MNC subsidiaries.

The New Economy

The US continues to be a leader in engineering. I had a ride in a Tesla car, and I was really impressed by its smoothness and its ability to bridge the gap between an electric car and one based on the internal combustion engine. Universities like MIT and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign continue their focus on core engineering and devices.

But, value added in manufacturing is on the decline, with even sophisticated design no longer enjoying a cachet. Hardware companies don’t count for much anymore – a friend in Silicon Valley was telling me that a company that designed a high tech drone with all possible bells and whistles gets valued at $200 million, while companies of the WhatsApp ilk are valued at multiple billion dollars. This change in value is reflected in the geography of the Valley itself.

Over time, there has been a northward shift in the centre of gravity of corporate activity, in the direction of San Francisco. Chip companies in the southern part of the Valley are passé.  Youngsters prefer to live in San Francisco even though they don’t get to spend much time there if they work in Mountain View-based Google, the northern edge of the southern part of the Valley. The geographic shift also represents the difference in skillsets required by social media and other emerging consumer-centric startups. This shift in value is visible in India too – just check out the sky high valuations of India’s e-commerce companies. According to a recent article in Business Standard, Flipkart is more valuable than Tata Steel or Mahindra & Mahindra!

It’s not clear how long the best and brightest of the United States will work in hard engineering if the money is chasing e-commerce and social media!

It’s not clear how long the best and brightest will work in hard engineering if the money is chasing e-commerce

Change in the Nature of Work

It’s time we thought seriously about the future of work and society. While in Silicon Valley, I caught sight of the Google driverless car prototype on multiple occasions. The grapevine has it that the prototype works well, and only regulatory issues can delay its commercialization. Driverless vehicles will change transportation completely. Car ownership will decline, while public transportation will get a boost. Though driverless vehicles on India’s chaotic roads may seem utopian, just imagine their impact on the employment of drivers.

India is ramping up for a foray into manufacturing just as manufacturing is on the cusp of major changes. Automation is accelerating, and China has the largest number of robots in the world. As automation spreads, routine jobs that require limited skill levels will go to lowest cost locations. And, companies are smart enough to compute the overall costs, and not focus on wages alone. Overall costs factor in labour productivity and the efficiency of logistics as well as the regulatory environment. India will struggle to be competitive when these overall costs are taken into account even if we improve our skill levels.

India is ramping up for a foray into manufacturing just as manufacturing is on the cusp of major changes.

Winner-takes-all Economics

The decline in the middle class reflects another important shift – income distributions are veering farther away from “normal”. While in the Valley, I attended an interesting talk by Sanjiv Das, a professor at Santa Clara University, in which he emphasized how few things in the world are distributed in the favourite “normal distribution” of our statistics professors. While the internet may be democratic in terms of access, it has only accentuated winner-takes-all economics.

All these changes in wealth and income distribution combined with changes in the nature of work don’t bode well for India. India may create the largest workforce in the world, but what if such a large workforce is not required?

India may create the largest workforce in the world, but what if such a large workforce is not required?

Winner-takes-all economics is spreading in a way to the broader society as well with income and wealth inequalities deepening. At the same time, governments are unable to manage social welfare systems efficiently. While the resultant tensions may be manageable in the small, wealthy countries of Europe where minimum living standards are already high, it’s not clear how countries like ours will manage these issues.

Public-private gaps are visible in US infrastructure as well. I was struck by how the freeways and public roads in the Bay Area are not in the best shape while private buildings get fancier and new dwelling units appear in hitherto low-density areas like along the sides of El Camino Real, the north-south artery through Northern California. This uncannily reminds one of India.

Monopolies and winner-takes-all trends are active in the non-internet world as well. While Starbucks Coffee outlets dot the US landscape, I was amused to find that other outlets including hotel coffee shops also now serve Starbucks coffee and proudly advertise so. Starbucks is practically the only coffee brand on offer now!

But, even Google has its Limits…

In all of this, it’s good to see the Americans retain their sense of humour. I particularly liked one hoarding in front of a church in Silicon Valley: “Google can’t satisfy every search.” I hope we can retain our sense of humour too!

Reblogged from FoundingFuel

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Why are the benefits of technology scarce among those who need it most?

Indian women and girls washing clothes by hand in a lake in Andhra Pradesh. Photograph: Tim Gainey / Alamy/Alamy

We live in a modern world – modern in thinking and modern in capabilities. Our scientists and engineers and technologists empower us with the future, in the present. The technologies they develop solve problems we didn’t even know existed. As individuals we aspire to stay apace with these ever advancing innovations. With its ubiquity in our everyday lives technology comprehensively occupies and defines our realities. Its presence in our lives assumes a position of great power. Technology is the superhero of our generation.

With great power comes great responsibility.

Currently, the benefits of technology are skewed towards those who can keep up, as opposed to those who need it most. Technology is designed to cater to the luxuries of ready made adopters. In India, a typical urban dweller has even the most trivial of her tasks solved by technology, while a person in a rural setting might struggle to meet some of his most basic needs due to a lack of access. For a superhero as powerful as technology, I think it can do better.

I work in the field of social entrepreneurship and during my career I have come across a number of beautiful examples that buck the trend; Embrace (focusing on infant mortality care); Liter of Light (bringing eco-friendly bottled light to communities without electricity); Digital Green (combining tech and social organisation to improve farming, health and nutrition) and many more. The power of such projects to improve the lives of their beneficiaries is immense. And their power depends solely on technology to solve the problem.

In my own work I have used technology to positively impact the lives of the visually impaired. With a user-centred design intention and with technology as our medium we have been able to work on a number of solutions that allow better access to smartphones for blind and visually impaired people. The fulfilment of giving joy and empowerment has been the motivation; technology has been the super-heroic protagonist.

My experience in the field has helped me understand the significance of technology to increase impact and, as crucially, to understand the interrelationship between impact and sustainability. The more sustainable a project, the greater its positive impact will be. Particularly in non-profit projects, impact tends to scale only up to a point. But as we look at works that scale, a low cost, adaptive and upgradable solution results in easier integration and a longer project lifespan. Technology plays a role not only in terms of the solution but also in terms of the operational sustainability of the enterprise.

Ideo’s elaborate Human Centred Design (HCD) toolkit sheds further light on the relationship between technology, project sustainability and impact. It states the need for a product to be desirable by its users, feasible through technology and viable as a business. In our case, design helped us create a desirable solution in the form of a specialised mobile phone for blind users, feasibility made us refine the solution into an app that addresses the same needs yet can scale at a global level and viability allowed us to adapt a business model that supports development yet keeps the price low and accessible for its intended users.

In this modern age technology plays a central role in building viable solutions that create positive impact. It defines the scale of impact by being a key factor in the sustainability of these solutions. However, in a capitalist set up as ours, there’s room for increased intervention, and thus impact, from technology. It is not yet the Robin Hood it can be.

Sumit Dagar is a social and design entrepreneur working in New Delhi, India. He was made a Rolex Awards for Enterprise Young Laureate in 2012 for his work in the field of applied technology. 

The post was originally posted on The Guardian website.